Ayatullah Sayyid Ruhullah Musawi Khumaini, wanda kuma ake kira Imam Khumaini, shi ne wanda ya kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran kuma jagoran juyin juya halin Musulunci na Iran a shekara ta 1979, wanda ya yi sanadiyyar kifar da mulkin Shah na karshe na Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
An haife shi a shekara ta ranar 17 ga mayu 1902 a Khomeyn, a lardin Markazi na Iran a yanzu. An kashe mahaifin Imam tun yana da wata biyar. Daga baya, sa’ad da yake ɗan shekara 15, mahaifiyarsa da ’yar uwarsa sun rasu a wannan shekarar. Ya fara karatun kur'ani da harshen Farisa tun yana da shekaru 6.
Ya yi karatunsa na farko a gida da kuma makarantar gida, karkashin kulawar Mullah Abdul-Qassem da Sheikh Jaffar, kuma yana karkashin kulawar babban yayansa Ayatullah Pasandideh, har ya kai shekaru 18 da haihuwa. An shirya yayi karatu a makarantar hauza da ke birnin Esfahan, amma sai yayan nasa ya ja hankalinsa zuwa makarantar hauza da ke birnin Arak, wadda ta yi suna a hazakar ilimi a karkashin jagorancin Ayatullah Sheikh Abdol-Karim Haeri-Yazdi daya daga cikin manyan malaman Najaf da Karbala a Iraki
A shekarar 1921 Imam ya fara karatu a birnin Arak. Bayan shekara 1 Ayatullah Haeri-Yazdi ya mayar da makarantar hauza zuwa birnin Qum mai alfarma, kuma ya gayyaci dalibansa da su bi bayansa. Imam Khumaini ya amsa gayyatar, ya koma ya zauna a makarantar Darul-shafa da ke birnin Qum kafin ya tafi zuwa birnin Najaf na kasar Iraki. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya koyar da fikihu (Shari'a), falsafar Musulunci da sufanci (Irfan) tsawon shekaru tare da rubuta littafai masu yawa kan wadannan batutuwa.
Imam Khumaini ya fara shiga siyasa ne a shekara ta 1962.
Kuma a shekarar ne jami'an tsaron Shah suka kama Khumaini saboda nuna adawa da gwamnatin Shah mai goyon bayan tsarin yammacin duniya. Kama shi ya kai shi matsayin zama gwarzon kasa. A shekarar 1964, ya yi gudun hijira har tsawon shekaru 14, ya zauna ne a kasashen Turkiyya, Iraki da Faransa, inda ya bukaci magoya bayansa da su hambarar da mulkin Shah. A karshen shekarun 1970, shah ya zama shugaba wanda mutanen sa basu amincewa ba, kuma an yi tashe-tashen hankula, yajin aiki da zanga-zanga a fadin kasar.
A watan Janairun 1979, gwamnatin Shah ta ruguje, shi da iyalinsa suka yi gudun hijira. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, Khomeini ya koma Iran cikin nasara. An gudanar da zaben raba gardama na kasa kuma Khumaini ya samu gagarumin rinjaye. Ya shelanta jamhuriyar musulunci kuma aka nada shi jagoran siyasa da addini na Iran har abada. An gabatar da shari'ar Musulunci a duk fadin kasar. La'anar da ya yi na tasirin Amurka ya kai ga wasu 'yan gwagwarmayar Islama sun kai hari ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Tehran a watan Nuwamba 1979, in da akayi garkuwa da Amurkawa sama da shekara guda.
A cikin watan Satumban shekarar 1980, bayan takaddama kan hanyar ruwa ta Shatt al-Arab, Iraki ta kaddamar da mamayar bazata aka Iran. Yakin da aka yi an kwashe shekaru takwas ana gwabzawa, inda mutane rabin miliyan ko daya da rabi suka mutu. Babu wani bangare da ya cimma burinsu na kifar da mulkin daya bangaren.
A watan Fabrairun 1989 Khomeini ya jawo cece-kuce a duniya ta hanyar fitar da ‘fatawa’, inda ya umurci musulmi da su ka**she marubuci Salman Rushdie saboda littafinsa mai suna ‘Ayoyin Shaidan’. Imam Khumaini ya yi iƙirarin cewa kis**an Rushdie ya zama wajibi a kan musulmi saboda zargin batanci ga Annabi Muhammad (SAWW). Duk da cewa Rushdi ya fito fili ya nemi gafara, amma ba a janye fatawar ba, Imam Khumaini yana mai bayanin cewa “ko da Salman Rushdi ya tuba ya zama mutum mafi tsoron Allah ya zama wajibi ga kowane musulmi ya yi amfani da duk karfin ransa ne ko dukiyarsa ya aika shi zuwa wuta."
Khumaini ya rasu a ranar Asabar 3 ga watan Yunin 1989 ya na da shekaru 89 a duniya sakamakon cutar kansa da ya yi fama da ita, al'ummar Iran da dama sun yi alhinin rasuwar Imam tare da kwarara a garuruwa da tituna. Sama da mutane miliyan 10 ne daga sassa daban-daban na kasar suka halarci jana'izar Imam Khumaini. Kuma ita ce jana'iza mafi girma da aka taba yi a duniya.
Iyali da zuriyarsu
A shekara ta 1929 Imam ya auri Batol Saqafi Khumaini diyar wani malami a Tehran. Sun haifi ’ya’ya bakwai, ko da yake biyar ne daga cikinsu suka rayu, mata 3 da maza 2. 'Ya'yansa maza sun shiga harkokin addini. Babban dansa, Mostafa, an kashe shi ne a shekara ta 1977 a lokacin da yake gudun hijira tare da mahaifinsa a birnin Najaf na kasar Iraki, Imam Khumaini ya zargI hukumar leken asiri ta Iran SAVAK karkashin sarki Shah da kashe shi. Kana kuma dansa Ahmad Khomeini karamin ya rasu a shekarar 1995.
Jikan Imam Khumaini Sayyid Hassan Khumaini dan marigayi Sayyid Ahmad Khumaini shi ma malami ne kuma amintaccen Imam Khumaini.
Halayya
Imam Khumaini ya yi salon rayuwa mai cike da ban sha'awa, yana mai tsananin sha'awar sufanci, kuma ya sabawa tara filaye da gidaje da dukiya kamar yadda wasu malamai da shugabanni ke yi.
A karkashin Imam Khumaini, an bullo da Shari'a, tare da aiwatar da ka'idojin suturar Musulunci ga maza da mata. Mata dole ne su rufe gashin kansu, kuma ba a yarda maza su sanya gajeran wando ba.
Rayuwa ga tsiraru masu bin sauran addinai
Jim kadan bayan dawowarsa daga gudun hijira a shekara ta 1979, Imam ya bayar da fatawa yana ba da umarnin a kyautata wa Yahudawa da sauran tsiraru masu bin addinin (Baiha'i). Bisa doka, kujeru da yawa a Majalisar kasar Iran, an kebe su don masu bi tsirarun addinai. Imam Khumaini ya kuma yi kira ga hadin kai tsakanin mabiya Sunna da Shi'a.
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